Kev siv cov khoom siv yees duab hauv ib qho kev tshaj tawm, lub vev xaib, lossis txhua yam uas koj tsim yuav tsum raug suav hais kom raug txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kws yees duab txoj cai cuab yeej thiab tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv saib cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm qhov chaw. Nws zoo li koj yuav siv ib ntawm peb qhov kev sib txawv ntawm kev hais tawm, nyob ntawm qhov haujlwm koj tab tom ua haujlwm. American Psychological Association lossis APA style haum rau kev tshaj tawm txog kev tshawb fawb txog science; Modern Language Association, lossis MLA, yog cov qauv siv ntau dua hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tshawb fawb ntuj; thiab Chicago Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Qauv, lossis CMS, yog siv rau cov neeg ua pov thawj hauv cov phau ntawv luam tawm.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Thov tso cai siv daim duab
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas seb koj puas xav tau kev tso cai siv daim duab hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm
Feem ntau koj yuav xav tau kev tso cai ntawm tus kws yees duab lossis tus tshaj tawm ua ntej koj tuaj yeem tso nws rau hauv ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv lossis ntawm lub vev xaib.
- Yog tias koj siv daim duab hauv thesis, tab sis tsis npaj rau kev faib lossis muag nws dav, tej zaum koj tsis xav tau kev tso cai.
- Cov duab feem ntau los ntawm ua ntej xyoo 1922 yog dawb dawb, tsis hais yam koj xav siv rau.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav txim siab qhov txwv ntawm txoj cai koj xav tau rau kev tso tawm
Ntev npaum li cas koj xav tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm txiav txim siab hom kev tso cai uas koj xav tau. Qhov no tseem txiav txim tias nws yuav raug nqi dab tsi.
- Feem ntau, qhov kev tshaj tawm dav dua thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws tau muab tso rau hauv daim duab, kim dua nws yog kom tau txais txoj cai.
- Ib zaug ntxiv, tej zaum koj yuav tsis tau them ib yam dab tsi, yog tias daim duab tau siv hauv thesis uas yuav tsis tshaj tawm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tiv tauj tus kws yees duab lossis tus tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv kom tau txais txoj cai rau nws
Nco ntsoov tias koj muaj xim dub thiab dawb uas koj muaj txoj cai siv daim duab hauv koj txoj haujlwm, nyob hauv qhov txwv txwv. Yog tias yuav tsum tau them nyiaj, koj yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv daws teeb meem siab ntawm daim duab los siv hauv koj cov ntawv tshaj tawm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tshaj tawm daim duab nrog qhov raug citation raug
Kev tau txais kev tso cai thiab hais txog daim duab hauv qhov raug yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev cai lij choj yav tom ntej.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Sau cov duab APA style
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim kab lus
APA xav kom koj tso cov ntawv sau ncaj qha hauv qab daim duab, uas yuav tsum tau muab ntxaws rau hauv cov ntawv. Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no hauv APA qhov kev hais tawm:
- Tus lej duab. Txhua cov duab hauv thesis yuav tsum suav ua ntu zus. Sau nws zoo li no: "Duab," ua raws tus lej thiab lub sijhawm. Qhov no yuav tsum tau sau ua ntawv qaij. Piv txwv: Daim duab 1.
- Lub npe ntawm daim duab hauv kab ntawv. Kuj suav nrog lub npe tag nrho ntawm daim duab, xaus nrog lub sijhawm. Piv txwv: Taug kev hla hav zoov.
- Kev piav qhia. Muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv vim li cas thiaj siv daim duab no. Xwb, koj tseem tuaj yeem siv hnub tshaj tawm ntawm daim duab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau cov ntawv citation
Ntxiv tag nrho cov ntawv citation rau References tom kawg ntawm thesis. Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho zoo li qhov no:
- Pib nrog tus sau lub npe (qhov no, tus sau yog tus tsim duab, lossis tus kws yees duab). Sau lub xeem lub npe, ua raws li tus lej, thiab tom qab ntawd thawj lub npe, xaus nrog lub sijhawm. Piv txwv: Chaw Ua Si, G. Yog tias tus tsim tsis paub, tshem qhov no.
- Sau "Tus kws yees duab" hauv kab ntawv. Nco ntsoov lo lus pib nrog tus ntawv loj. Muab ib lub sij hawm tom qab tus kab lus. Piv txwv: (Tus kws yees duab).
- Sau xyoo uas daim duab raug coj los.
- Sau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv ua haujlwm qaij, xaus nrog lub sijhawm. Piv txwv: American Gothic, Washington, DC.
- Sau lo lus "Duab" hauv kab lus. Nco ntsoov tias nws pib nrog tsab ntawv loj, ua raws lub sijhawm tom qab kab lus kawg. Piv txwv duab).
- Thaum koj tau pom daim duab online, sau hnub tim ntawm kev sab laj, hauv cov qauv hauv qab no: Hnub, Hli, Xyoo. Piv txwv: Lub Ob Hlis 28, 2013.
- Sau lo lus "los ntawm" ua raws URL. Piv txwv: los ntawm:
Kauj Ruam #3. Siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li koj tuaj yeem pom
Sim koj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom paub tus kws yees duab lub npe, lub npe ntawm daim duab, thiab hnub tim uas nws tau thaij. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom qee cov ntaub ntawv, tso tawm.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Xam ib daim duab MLA style
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim kab lus
Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no, hauv MLA style:
- Tus lej duab. Qhov no tau qhia ob qho tib si hauv cov ntawv (xws li "saib Duab 1) thiab hauv qab daim duab. Lo lus" Duab "tuaj yeem ua luv rau" Duab. "
- Lub npe ntawm daim duab, sau ua lus qaij.
- Cov lus piav qhia luv ntawm txoj haujlwm.
- Ib feem lossis ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias koj tso tag nrho cov lus hais hauv qab daim duab, nws tsis tas yuav tsum muab nws tso rau hauv qhov Source citation thaum kawg ntawm thesis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau hais nyob hauv thesis.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim cov ntawv citation
Suav qhov no ua ib feem ntawm cov lus piav qhia rau hauv daim duab, lossis muab tso rau hauv Kev Sau Npe. Kev hais tawm yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no:
- Tus kws yees duab lub xeem, ua raws li tus lej, thawj lub npe, thiab tom qab ntawd ib ntus. Piv txwv: Chaw Ua Si, Gordon.
- Lub npe ntawm daim duab hauv kab ntawv, ua raws lub sijhawm. Piv txwv: American Gothic, Washington, DC.
- Xyoo uas thaij duab.
- Lub npe ntawm lub koom haum lossis sau los ntawm daim duab uas tau txais. Piv txwv: Chaw Ua Si.
- Yog tias koj hais tawm daim duab uas koj pom hauv phau ntawv, ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no rau nws ib yam, hauv cov qauv hauv qab no: Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Lub npe thiab lub xeem ntawm tus sau/tus sau ntawv. Qhov chaw tshaj tawm: Publisher, Xyoo. Nplooj ntawv/Phaj tooj. Kev tshaj tawm nruab nrab. Piv txwv: Qhov Chaw Zoo Tshaj Plaws. New York: Random House, 1999. Phaj 88. Xovxwm.
- Yog tias koj siv daim duab koj pom hauv online, ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no, hauv cov qauv hauv qab no: Cov npe ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv lossis lub vev xaib. Tus tshaj tawm/tus txhawb nqa lub database lossis lub vev xaib. Qhov nruab nrab sab laj. Hnub ntawm kev sab laj.. Piv txwv: Chaw Ua Si Hauv Online. Tsev kawm ntawv ntawm chaw ua si. Web. Lub ob hlis ntuj 18, 2013.
Kauj Ruam #3. Siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li koj tuaj yeem pom
Txawm li cas los xij, sim nrhiav lub npe ntawm tus kws yees duab, lub npe ntawm daim duab thiab thaum nws tau thaij. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom qee cov ntaub ntawv, tso tawm.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Xam ib daim duab CMS style
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim kab lus
Txhua daim duab yuav tsum muaj nrog cov kab lus uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Tus lej duab. Sau "Duab" lossis "Duab." ua raws tus lej.
- Tus kws yees duab lub npe tag, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Lub npe ntawm daim duab hauv kab ntawv, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Hnub uas tau yees duab, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Yog tias muaj, qhov chaw nyob ntawm daim duab, tom qab ntawd muaj tus lej cim, lub npe ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej lossis khoom sau, ua raws lub sijhawm.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim cov ntawv citation
Yog tias koj pom daim duab nyob hauv phau ntawv lossis hauv lub vev xaib, koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv teev npe tag nrho hauv cov ntawv sau thaum kawg ntawm koj qhov thesis. Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no hauv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho:
- Tus lej duab. Sau "Duab" lossis "Duab." ua raws li ib lub sij hawm.
- Tus kws yees duab lub npe tag, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Lub npe ntawm daim duab hauv kab ntawv, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Hnub uas tau yees duab, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Yog tias muaj, qhov chaw nyob ntawm daim duab, tom qab ntawd muaj tus lej cim, lub npe ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej lossis khoom sau, ua raws lub sijhawm.
- Lo lus "Qhov Chaw" ua raws tus nyuv.
- Yog tias koj hais tawm ib daim duab uas koj pom hauv phau ntawv, ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no rau nws ib yam, hauv cov qauv hauv qab no: Npe thiab Lub Xeem ntawm tus sau. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv. Qhov chaw tshaj tawm: Publisher, Hnub tshaj tawm. Phaj tooj. Piv txwv: Chris O'Brien. Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Ntawm Chaw Ua Si. New York: Random House, 1999. Phaj 88.
- Yog tias koj tau pom daim duab online, thov suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: Lub npe ntawm lub vev xaib, URL (hnub sib tham). Piv txwv: University of Parks Online, http://parksonline.org (Lub Ob Hlis 9, 2013).
Kauj Ruam #3. Siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li koj tuaj yeem ua tau
Ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhawm rau nrhiav tus kws yees duab lub npe, lub npe duab, thiab hnub tim uas yees duab. Yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv koj tsis tuaj yeem pom, tso nws tawm.
Lub tswv yim
- Siv cov qauv nyiam los ntawm koj tus kws qhia ntawv, lub tsev kawm ntawv, tshaj tawm, lossis chaw ua haujlwm.
- Ntau lub tuam txhab thiab cov koom haum siv lawv tus kheej style, yoog kom nthuav tawm cov khoom lag luam zoo ib yam, raws li kev lees paub los ntawm chav sib tham.